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Margaret (Italian: Margherita di Parma; 5 July 1522 – 18 January 1586) was Duchess of Parma from 1547 to 1586 as the wife of Duke Ottavio Farnese and Governor of the Netherlands from 1559 to 1567 and from 1578 to 1582.
Mar 25, 2024 · Margaret of Parma (born 1522, Oudenaarde, Spanish Netherlands—died Jan. 18, 1586, Ortona, Kingdom of Naples) was a duchess of Parma and Habsburg regent who, as governor-general of the Netherlands (1559–67), attempted to appease the growing discontent with Spanish rule.
- The Editors of Encyclopaedia Britannica
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Margaret of Parma ( Italian: Margherita di Parma; 5 July 1522 – 18 January 1586) was Governor of the Netherlands from 1559 to 1567 and from 1578 to 1582. She was the illegitimate daughter of the 22-year-old Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor and Johanna Maria van der Gheynst.
Jun 8, 2018 · Margaret of Parma, 1522–86, Spanish regent of the Netherlands; illegitimate daughter of Holy Roman Emperor Charles V. She was married (1536) to Alessandro de' Medici (d. 1537) and (1538) to Ottavio Farnese, duke of Parma.
Jul 14, 2016 · With limited resources, she achieved much in the months before Alva’s arrival. While she advocated the punishment of Calvinist leaders and imposed harsh settlements in areas under her control, she encouraged restraint where open rebellion had not taken place (notably Amsterdam).
- Max von Habsburg
- 2016
Born in 1612; daughter of Cosimo II de Medici (1590–1620), grand duke of Tuscany (r. 1609–1620), and Maria Magdalena of Austria (1589–1631); married Odoardo or Edward Farnese, duke of Parma (1612–1646, r. 1622–1646), in 1628.
Feb 9, 2018 · From 1555, Margaret spent a lot of time in the Netherlands. In 1559, she was named Governor of the Netherlands, and she formed a court in Brussels, where she was joined by her son. Her half-brother needed his family members to help rule his vast empire.
