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Old Mandarin or Early Mandarin was the speech of northern China during the Jurchen-ruled Jin dynasty and the Mongol-led Yuan dynasty (12th to 14th centuries). New genres of vernacular literature were based on this language, including verse, drama and story forms, such as the qu and sanqu . The phonology of Old Mandarin has been inferred from ...
A speaker from Tanghe ( Central Plains Mandarin) Mandarin ( / ˈmændərɪn / ⓘ MAN-dər-in; simplified Chinese : 官话; traditional Chinese : 官話; pinyin : Guānhuà; lit. 'officials' speech') is a group of Chinese language dialects that are natively spoken across most of northern and southwestern China. The group includes the Beijing ...
- 920 million (2017), L2 speakers: 200 million (no date)
- most of Northern and Southwestern China (see also Standard Chinese)
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Mandarin ( traditional Chinese: 官話; simplified Chinese: 官话; pinyin: Guānhuà; lit. 'official speech') was the common spoken language of administration of the Chinese empire during the Ming and Qing dynasties. It arose as a practical measure, due to the mutual unintelligibility of the varieties of Chinese spoken in different parts of China.
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Jun 9, 2020 · Summary. In 1324, about fifty years after the establishment of the Yuan dynasty, a rhyming book entitled Zhōngyuán Yīnyùn 中原音韻 ‘Rhymes of the Central Plain’ was published. The phonological system seen in this book is completely different from the Qièyùn system, but it shares many basic phonological characteristics with Modern ...
- Zhongwei Shen
- 2020
Jun 14, 2019 · The name “Mandarin” was first used by the Portuguese to refer to the magistrates of the Imperial Chinese court and the language they spoke. Mandarin is the term used through much of the Western world, but the Chinese themselves refer to the language as 普通话 (pǔ tōng huà), 国语 (guó yǔ), or 華语 (huá yǔ). 普通话 (pǔ tōng ...
Mandarin Chinese. Mandarin Chinese, [2] or simply Mandarin, ( / ˈmændərɪn / ( listen); simplified Chinese: 官话; traditional Chinese: 官話; pinyin: Guānhuà; literally: "speech of officials") is the language of government and education of the Chinese mainland and Taiwan, with the notable exceptions of Hong Kong and Macau where a local ...
The earliest form of Mandarin Chinese was known as Old Chinese or Archaic Chinese, which was spoken during the Shang Dynasty (1600-1046 BC) and Zhou Dynasty (1046-256 BC). Old Chinese was characterized by a syllabic structure, with one syllable per character, and a tonal system, which used variations in pitch to distinguish between different ...
