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Jan 24, 2024 · by Simeon Netchev. published on 24 January 2024. In this gallery, we examine the evolution of the Roman Empire through 10 detailed maps. From Julius Caesar 's victories to the splitting of the empire, these maps trace the geographical growth, the intricate trade network, and the spread of Christianity in one of history's most durable and ...
- Territorial Expansion of the Roman Republic (c. 260 - 30 BCE)
A map illustrating the expansion of the Roman Republic from...
- The Extent of the Roman Empire - World History Encyclopedia
The Justification for Expansion In 510 BCE, the monarchy...
- Territorial Expansion of the Roman Republic (c. 260 - 30 BCE)
- Overview
- Rise and consolidation of imperial Rome
Roman Empire, the ancient empire, centred on the city of Rome, that was established in 27 bce following the demise of the Roman Republic and continuing to the final eclipse of the empire of the West in the 5th century ce. A brief treatment of the Roman Empire follows. For full treatment, see ancient Rome.
A period of unrest and civil wars in the 1st century bce marked the transition of Rome from a republic to an empire. This period encompassed the career of Julius Caesar, who eventually took full power over Rome as its dictator. After his assassination in 44 bce, the triumvirate of Mark Antony, Lepidus, and Octavian, Caesar’s nephew, ruled. It was not long before Octavian went to war against Antony in northern Africa, and after his victory at Actium (31 bce) he was crowned Rome’s first emperor, Augustus. His reign, from 27 bce to 14 ce, was distinguished by stability and peace.
Augustus established a form of government known as a principate, which combined some elements from the republic with the traditional powers of a monarchy. The Senate still functioned, though Augustus, as princeps, or first citizen, remained in control of the government..
With a mind toward maintaining the structure of power entrusted to his rule, Augustus began thinking early about who should follow him. Death played havoc with his attempts to select his successor. He had no son and his nephew Marcellus, his son-in-law Agrippa, and his grandsons Gaius and Lucius each predeceased him. He eventually chose Tiberius, a scion of the ultra-aristocratic Claudia gens, and in 4 ce adopted him as his son.
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The Roman Empire
Tiberius (reigned 14–37) became the first successor in the Julio-Claudian dynasty and ruled as an able administrator but cruel tyrant. His great-nephew Caligula (37–41) reigned as an absolutist, his short reign filled with reckless spending, callous murders, and humiliation of the Senate. Claudius (41–54) centralized state finances in the imperial household, thus making rapid strides in organizing the imperial bureaucracy, but was ruthless toward the senators and equites. Nero (54–68) left administration to capable advisers for a few years but then asserted himself as a vicious despot. He brought the dynasty to its end by being the first emperor to suffer damnatio memoriae: his reign was officially stricken from the record by order of the Senate.
- The Editors of Encyclopaedia Britannica
The Roman Empire [a] was the post- Republican state of ancient Rome. It is generally understood to mean the period and territory ruled by the Romans following Octavian 's assumption of sole rule under the Principate in 27 BC. It included territories in Europe, North Africa, and Western Asia and was ruled by emperors.
- Semi-elective absolute monarchy (de facto)
- Founding of Rome (c. 625 BC) The Birth of a City-State. Rome was established around 625 BC in the regions of ancient Italy known as Etruria and Latium. The amalgamation of Latium villagers with settlers from neighboring hills, possibly in response to an Etruscan invasion, marked the birth of Rome as a city-state.
- Period of Kings (625-510 BC) The Dawn of Roman Leadership. During this era, Rome was governed by a series of kings. This period witnessed significant militaristic and economic advancements, with the expansion of territories and the flourishing trade of commodities like oil lamps.
- Republican Rome (510-31 BC) The Rise of a Republic. The decline of Etruscan power paved the way for the Roman Republic. This era saw the establishment of a new form of governance where the upper echelons, particularly senators and equestrians, held sway.
- Transition to Imperial Rome (Late Republican Period) The Emergence of Julius Caesar. Political unrest and civil wars characterized the late Republican period.
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Map of the Roman Empire under the Tetrarchy, showing the dioceses and the four tetrarchs' zones of influence On 1 March 293, authority was further divided. Each augustus took a junior emperor called a caesar to aid him in administrative matters, and to provide a line of succession.
