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   Where are dioxins found?

   • Dioxins are a group of chemically related compounds that are persistent environmental pollutants (POPs). Dioxins are found throughout the world in the environment and they accumulate in the food chain, mainly in the fatty tissue of animals. More than 90% of human exposure is through food, mainly meat and dairy products, fish and shellfish.

   Dioxins - World Health Organization (WHO)

   www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/dioxins-and-their-effects-on-human-health

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   How can we prevent and reduce human exposure to dioxins?

   • Prevention or reduction of human exposure is best done via source-directed measures, i.e. strict control of industrial processes to reduce formation of dioxins. Dioxins are environmental pollutants. They belong to the so-called dirty dozen – a group of dangerous chemicals known as persistent organic pollutants (POPs).

   Dioxins - World Health Organization (WHO)

   www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/dioxins-and-their-effects-on-human-health

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   What is the chemical name for dioxin?

   • The higher an animal is in the food chain, the higher the concentration of dioxins. The chemical name for dioxin is 2,3,7,8- tetrachlorodibenzo para dioxin (TCDD). The name dioxins is often used for the family of structurally and chemically related polychlorinated dibenzo para dioxins (PCDDs) and polychlorinated dibenzofurans (PCDFs).

   Dioxins - World Health Organization (WHO)

   www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/dioxins-and-their-effects-on-human-health

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   How do dioxins affect human health?

   • More than 90% of human exposure is through food, mainly meat and dairy products, fish and shellfish. Many national authorities have programmes in place to monitor the food supply. Dioxins are highly toxic and can cause reproductive and developmental problems, damage the immune system, interfere with hormones and cause cancer.

   Dioxins - World Health Organization (WHO)

   www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/dioxins-and-their-effects-on-human-health

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2. www.who.int › news-room › fact-sheetsDioxins - World Health Organization (WHO)

   www.who.int › news-room › fact-sheets

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   Nov 29, 2023 · Chronic exposure of animals to dioxins has resulted in several types of cancer. TCDD was evaluated by the WHO’s International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) in 1997 and 2012. Based on animal and human epidemiology data, TCDD was classified by IARC as a known human carcinogen.

3. www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov › pmc › articlesAssociation between dioxin and cancer incidence and mortality ...

   www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov › pmc › articles

   Nov 29, 2016 · In 1997, the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) has classified it as a known human carcinogen (group 1) on the basis of animal studies and mechanistic information, but the epidemiology data was limited 2.

   • Author: Jinming Xu, Yao Ye, Fang Huang, Hanwen Chen, Han Wu, Jian Huang, Jian Hu, Dajing Xia, Yihua Wu
   • DOI: 10.1038/srep38012

   • Publish Year: 2016
   • Publication: Sci Rep. 2016; 6: 38012.

4. www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov › pmc › articlesDioxin Revisited: Developments Since the 1997 IARC ...

   www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov › pmc › articles

   Jun 10, 2004 · In 1997 the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) classified TCDD (2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin, the most potent dioxin congener) as a group 1 carcinogen based on limited evidence in humans, sufficient evidence in animals, and extensive mechanistic information indicating that TCDD acts through a mechanism involving the aryl ...

   • Author: N. Kyle Steenland, Pier A Bertazzi, Andrea A. Baccarelli, Manolis Kogevinas

   • Publish Year: 2004

5. pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov › 15345337Dioxin revisited: developments since the 1997 IARC ... - PubMed

   pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov › 15345337

   Receptors, Aryl Hydrocarbon. In 1997 the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) classified 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD; the most potent dioxin congener) as a group 1 carcinogen based on limited evidence in humans, sufficient evidence in experimental animals, and extensive mechanistic information indica ….

   • Author: N. Kyle Steenland, Pier A Bertazzi, Andrea A. Baccarelli, Manolis Kogevinas

   • Publish Year: 2004

6. www.nature.com › articles › srep38012Association between dioxin and cancer incidence and ... - Nature

   www.nature.com › articles › srep38012

   Nov 29, 2016 · In 1997, the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) has classified it as a known human carcinogen (group 1) on the basis of animal studies and mechanistic information, but the...

7. www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov › pmc › articlesResearch on the Relationship between Exposure to Dioxins and ...

   www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov › pmc › articles

   Jul 11, 2022 · This dioxin compound was classified by the International Organization for Research on Cancer (IARC) as a human carcinogen (Group 1) based on animal studies, novel knowledge about its cytotoxicity mechanisms [ 1 ], and human studies on occupational exposure [ 2 ].