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Kingman Reef National Wildlife Refuge was established on January 18, 2001. It is only three feet in elevation and features one of the most pristine coral reef atoll ecosystems in the Pacific.
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The first recorded western contact at Kingman Reef was by an American seaman, Captain Fanning, in 1798, but was named after Captain Kingman, who visited in 1853. The United States annexed the reef in 1922, and in 1934 delegated jurisdiction to the Department of the Navy.
On January 18, 2001, Secretary of the Interior Bruce Babbitt created the Kingman Reef National Wildlife Refuge during his final days in office with Secretary's Order 3223. It is composed of the emergent coral rubble spits and all waters out to 12 nautical miles (22 km).
Kingman Reef encompasses approximately 2.6 acres of emergent reef and nearly 483,713 acres of submerged lands. Kingman Reef and surrounding waters out to 12 nauti-cal miles are currently managed by the US Fish and Wildlife Service as National Wildlife Refuge as a fully protected biological reserve.
The U.S. Navy administered the reef until 2000, when responsibility was transferred to the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service; the following year the reef was declared a U.S. National Wildlife Refuge. In 2009 it was designated part of the Pacific Remote Islands Marine National Monument. Kingman Reef is uninhabited.
- The Editors of Encyclopaedia Britannica
Kingman Reef was under US Navy control until 2000, when it was transferred to the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. The Kingman Reef National Wildlife Refuge was created in 2001, and covers the emergent coral rubble spits as well as all waters out to 12 nautical miles from the reef itself.
Jan 24, 2001 · The Director of the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service approved the establishment of the Kingman Reef National Wildlife Refuge in the central Pacific Ocean to protect the coral reef ecosystem for the benefit of the wildlife that live on the lands and in the waters of the refuge. DATES: This action was effective on January 18, 2001.
