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Other scholars (such as Schmidt 1988) make the primary distinction between P-Celtic and Q-Celtic languages based on the replacement of initial Q by initial P in some words. Most of the Gallic and Brittonic languages are P-Celtic, while the Goidelic and Hispano-Celtic (or Celtiberian) languages are Q-Celtic.
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1 day ago · The division of Celtic languages into Q- and P-families depends on whether they retained the Indo-European qu-or substituted a p-. The substitution of p- for qu- probably took place in the first millennium bc in central Europe and spread to the west, but not as far as Ireland or the Celtic areas of the Iberian peninsula.
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Oddly enough, the other major difference between "Q-Celtic" and "P-Celtic" is the substitution of "f" and "g". In the Q branch, the letter "f" appears where in the P branch the letter "g" appears: Q-Celtic. fir (man) fionn (white) P-Celtic. gwr (man) gwyn (white) And so on.
The p-/q- split is clearest in cognates retaining the same roots, e.g. Ir. ceann, head and W pen, head. The modern Q-Celtic languages are Irish, Scottish Gaelic, and Manx; these are also called Goidelic. The distinctions are not always absolute; Irish Q-Celtic speakers settled in Dyfed, a Welsh-speaking or P-Celtic region. See GOÍDEL GLAS.
- Language as A Key to Celtic Identity
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Celtic is a scholarly term used since about 1700 to define a group of closely related European languages (see “Celtic Languages” on page 28). In antiquity, Celtic languages were spoken from the Iberian Peninsula and France through central Europe and northern Italy, parts of the Balkans, and into Anatolia (read about the Galatians on page 14). But t...
The distribution of the Celts in antiquity across such a wide swath of Europe makes it hardly surprising that there is no pan-Celtic type of pottery, or settlement, or burial rite. Indeed, these all vary considerably across the vast area of Celtic settlement. There are, however, some items of dress and equipment that do appear widely across the Cel...
The Celtic languages form one group within the Indo-European language family, which originated in the fourth or third millennium B.C. as Proto-Indo-European in the lands just north of the Black Sea. Mallory (see For Further Reading on page 31) reviews Proto-Indo-European and its numerous derivative Indo-European languages and relates the linguisti...
In 1859 a remarkable collection of decorated metalwork was discovered during drainage work at the site of La Téne, on the margins of Lake Neuchatel in Switzerland. Similar metalwork found in cemeteries in northern Italy had been attributed plausibly to the Celts who, according to Roman authors, crossed the Alps around 400 B.C. to settle in Italy. ...
Apr 5, 2024 · The terms P-Celtic and Q-Celtic are sometimes used to describe assumed divisions of Common Celtic; to use one sound shift to distinguish dialects is, however, hardly justified, and the classification will not be used in this article.
The analysis reveals that despite the close genetic relationship between the four surviving Celtic languages, their syntax differs in nontrivial ways. The general conclusion is that the Celtic languages are not syntactically exotic but, rather, can be analyzed with existing syntactic apparatus.
