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Other scholars (such as Schmidt 1988) make the primary distinction between P-Celtic and Q-Celtic languages based on the replacement of initial Q by initial P in some words. Most of the Gallic and Brittonic languages are P-Celtic, while the Goidelic and Hispano-Celtic (or Celtiberian) languages are Q-Celtic.
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- Sound Changes
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Some words beginning with p or b in the Brythonic or P-Celtic languages begin with c, k or qu (/k/) in the Goidelic or Q-Celtic languages. For example, head is pen in Welsh and ceannin Irish.Some words beginning with gw in the Brythonic languages begin with f in the Goidelic languages. For example, hair is gwallt in Welsh and faltin Scottish Gaelic.Some words beginning with s(e/i) /ʃ/ in the Goidelic languages begin with h in the Brythonic languages. For example, old is sean in Irish and henin Welsh.The only word in these examples that is similar in all the languages is name: ainm (Irish), ainm (Scottish Gaelic), ennym (Manx), anv (Breton), hanow (Cornish) and enw(Welsh).The word for what - Cén (Irish), De (Scottish Gaelic), Cre (Manx), Petra (Breton), Pyth (Cornish) and Beth(Welsh) - illustrates one of the sound differences between the branches of the Celtic langu...There are more similarities within each branch of these languages than between the branches (Gaelic and Brythonic), and the Gaelic languages are closer to one another than are the Brythonic languages.There are other versions of these phrases: see the What's your name?phrases page.Breton, Celtiberian, Cornish, Cumbric, Gaulish, Irish, Lepontic, Lusitanian, Manx, Scottish Gaelic, Tartessian, Welsh [top] Why not share this page: If you like this site and find it useful, you can support it by making a donation via PayPal or Patreon, or by contributing in other ways. Omniglot is how I make my living. Note: all links on this site...
1 day ago · Gaulish was largely a P-Celtic language, with traces of Q-Celtic. The p-/ q- split is clearest in cognates retaining the same roots, e.g. W pen, head and Ir. ceann, head. The Modern P-Celtic languages are Welsh, Cornish, and Breton; these are also called Brythonic.
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The modern Q-Celtic languages are Irish, Scottish Gaelic, and Manx; these are also called Goidelic. The distinctions are not always absolute; Irish Q-Celtic speakers settled in Dyfed, a Welsh-speaking or P-Celtic region.
A term designating those languages of the Celtic branch which include Irish, Scottish Gaelic, Manx, and the extinct Celtiberian of Spain. So-called because of their use of the "k" sound, while the so-called "P-Celtic" or Brythonic branch uses the letter "p":
The differences between the two Celtic branches are simple in theoretical form. Take for example the word ekvos in Indo-European, meaning horse. In q-Celtic this was rendered as equos while in p-Celtic it became epos, the q sound being replaced with a p sound. Another example is the Latin qui who.
Scottish Gaelic and Irish are very similar syntactically, while Breton and Welsh display important differences. The terms P-Celtic and Q-Celtic are sometimes used to refer to Brythonic and Goidelic, respectively, because of the regular sound correspondences characterizing each group: the reflex of Indo-European ⋆ k w is [p] in Brythonic but ...
